A microscopy and molecular studies of Nosema ceranae infection in apiaries in Mazandaran province, Iran

Nosema ceranae as a fungal parasite has been reported from the Apis mellifera in all continents. It causes reduced longevity, depopulation, decreased production, and colony losses honeybee colonies. This study aimed to determine prevalence of N.ceranae apiaries Mazandaran province. In this study, we randomly selected 320 hives thirty-two collected twenty old honeybees apiaries. The samples were examined by microscopy molecular methods. results microscopic examinations showed that 78.12% infected with spp. addition, N. was identified 84.37% PCR, while no apis. Blast analysis sequenced confirmed presence infection Based on obtained results, high frequency detected